Tool 1 — Experimental techniques

Official IB linking questions targeting Tool 1 — Experimental techniques

Editorial These are the IB’s own linking questions from the syllabus, transcribed verbatim. They connect sub-topic statements to this cross-cutting strand. The wording is the IB’s, not ours. The decision to surface them here is our editorial judgement — the IB does not prescribe where these questions should appear; we have chosen to display them because they connect this strand to the sub-topic content.

• Structure 1.1.1 — What factors are considered in choosing a method to separate the components of a mixture?

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• Structure 1.1.1 — How can the products of a reaction be purified?

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• Structure 1.4.4 — How can experimental data on mass changes in combustion reactions be used to derive empirical formulas?

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• Structure 1.4.5 — What are the considerations in the choice of glassware used in preparing a standard solution and a serial dilution?

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• Structure 1.4.5 — How can a calibration curve be used to determine the concentration of a solution?

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• Structure 1.5.4 — How can the ideal gas law be used to calculate the molar mass of a gas from experimental data?

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• Structure 2.1.3 — What experimental data demonstrate the physical properties of ionic compounds?

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• Structure 2.2.9 — What experimental data demonstrate the physical properties of covalent substances?

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• Structure 2.2.10 — How can a mixture be separated using paper chromatography or thin layer chromatography (TLC)?

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• Structure 3.1.10 — How can colorimetry or spectrophotometry be used to calculate the concentration of a solution of coloured ions?

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• Reactivity 1.1.2 — What observations would you expect to make during an endothermic and an exothermic reaction?

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• Reactivity 1.1.4 — How can the enthalpy change for combustion reactions, such as for alcohols or food, be investigated experimentally?

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• Reactivity 1.1.4 — Why do calorimetry experiments typically measure a smaller change in temperature than is expected from theoretical values?

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• Reactivity 2.1.3 — What errors may cause the experimental yield to be i) higher and ii) lower than the theoretical yield?

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• Reactivity 2.2.1 — Concentration changes in reactions are not usually measured directly. What methods are used to provide data to determine the rate of reactions?

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• Reactivity 2.2.1 — What experiments measuring reaction rates might use time as i) a dependent variable ii) an independent variable?

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• Reactivity 2.2.3 — What variables must be controlled in studying the effect of a factor on the rate of a reaction?

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• Reactivity 2.2.10 — What measurements are needed to deduce the order of reaction for a specific reactant?

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• Reactivity 3.1.4 — What is the shape of a sketch graph of pH against [H⁺]?

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• Reactivity 3.1.6 — What physical and chemical properties can be observed to distinguish between weak and strong acids or bases of the same concentration?

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• Reactivity 3.1.13 — When collecting data to generate a pH curve, when should smaller volumes of titrant be added between each measurement?

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• Reactivity 3.2.2 — Why are some redox titrations described as "self-indicating"?

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• Reactivity 3.2.3 — What observations can be made when metals are mixed with aqueous metal ions, and solutions of halogens are mixed with aqueous halide ions?

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• Reactivity 3.2.16 — How is an electrolytic cell used for electroplating?

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